Rex Gaskins
Professor
Animal Sciences
University of Illinois at urbana champaign
United States of America
Biography
He has done his Ph.D., 1989, The University of Georgia, Athens, M.S., 1986, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, B.S., 1981, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Research Interest
Host-intestinal microbiota interactions relevant to intestinal development and inflammatory disorders; microbial hydrogenotrophy; development and functions of the intestinal goblet cell; redox regulation of gene expression; comparative genomics of redox homeostasis.Our research concerns host-intestinal microbiota interactions as they pertain to inflammatory disorders and colorectal cancer. Focus of current efforts include: 1) Defining the role of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the initiation or progression of chronic human intestinal disorders; and 2) Defining molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying host mucogenic responses to external stimuli and determining the extent to which goblet cells participate in innate defense responses and serve as the guardians of redox homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are members of the normal intestinal microbiota and have a major impact on terminal fermentative processes that occur in the mammalian colon. The metabolic pathways used by SRB culminate in the production of the toxic gas hydrogen sulfide. Using novel reagents and approaches for studying both SRBs and host epithelial cell responses to sulfide, we have demonstrated that host sulfomucins are a likely key source of sulfate for dissimilatory sulfate respiration by SRBs and that sulfide is genotoxic. Accordingly, we are exploring the working model that multifactorial interactions between polymorphic genes (alleles) that influence SRB colonization and those that influence epithelial responses to the environmental agent sulfide may contribute to IBD-associated or sporadic colorectal cancer.
Publications
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Gaskins H.R., Croix J.A., Nakamura N., Nava G.M. (2008) Impact of the intestinal microbiota on the development of mucosal defense. Clin Infect Dis 46(Suppl 2):S80-6.
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Nava G.M., Lee D.Y., Ospina J.H., Cai S.Y., Gaskins H.R. (2009) Genomic analyses reveal a conserved glutathione homeostasis pathway in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis. Physiol Genomics 39(3):183-94.
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Nakamura N., Leigh S.R., Mackie R.I., Gaskins H.R. (2009) Microbial community analysis of rectal methanogens and sulfate reducing bacteria in two non-human primate species. J Med Primatol 38(5):360-70.
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Attene-Ramos M.S., Nava G.M., Muellner M., Wagner E.D., Plewa M.J., Gaskins H.R. (2010) DNA damage and toxicogenomic analyses of hydrogen sulfide in human intestinal epithelial FHs74Int cells. Environ Mol Mutagen (in press).
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Nakamura N., Lin H.C., McSweeney C.S., Mackie R.I., Gaskins H.R. (2010) Mechanisms of microbial hydrogen disposal in the human colon and implications for health and disease. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol (in press).
